Metaphysics and dialectics in the thought of Francisco Suárez, influence in and from Iberian scholasticism.

Abstract

It deals with the thought of one of the most representative authors of scholasticism of the 16th and 17th centuries, who paradoxically has been little studied in the breadth of his work and its scope, this is Francisco Suárez, S. J. (1548-1617). The thought of this Jesuit is part of a crossroads of paths and transformations that shaped the so-called European “modernity”, and we believe that his thought contributed significant elements to the formation of subsequent philosophical and theological thought. We place special emphasis on his metaphysics and dialectics, as philosophical sciences that articulate his thought, but whose scope will go beyond his religious congregation and scholasticism itself, since it impacted many other authors who are considered non-scholastic by the academy. . The work contains three general aspects: An intellectual context in which our author's thoughts arise, as a framework for understanding his philosophical proposals. Then we discuss general features of his philosophical perspective to then present a specific aspect of it, which is a central axis in the consolidation of his idea of metaphysical science, the ratio dubitandi or reason for doubting, which acquires the character of a method for a critique. of the metaphysical science of his time. Finally, we expose the meaning that for Suárez the study of dialectics has as a rigorous instrument for the acquisition of science, contributing to a revaluation of said science after the influence of Ockhamist terminism that led to its decline.