ETHICAL CONSTRUCTION OF SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS

Abstract

The article explores the ethical and bioethical foundations of sexual and reproductive rights, arguing that the State must not only recognize them legally but also ensure conditions that prevent harm to citizens in the free and responsible exercise of their sexuality. The main objective is to provide a rational and ethical basis for these rights, placing them alongside vital needs such as health and nutrition. The methodology is philosophical, argumentative, and normative, grounded in conceptual analysis of key notions such as morality, ethics, bioethics, and categorical needs, and supported by international frameworks including the Universal Declaration of Sexual Rights (WAS, 1999). Mayorga examines conflicting moral perspectives through the bioethical principle of “do no harm” and the rational justification of moral norms. The scope of this research lies in its contribution to contemporary discussions on human rights, asserting that autonomous and responsible sexuality should be regarded as a fundamental human need, not merely a moral or cultural preference. The author calls for a public ethics that promotes comprehensive well-being, equity, and sexual freedom as essential State obligations.