The turn from objectivism to Kantian subjectivism. Turning of modern Epistemology: the founding-predominant existence of the subject and the dissolution of the object.

Abstract

This article focuses on a central phenomenon of philosophical modernity, on the constitution of the anthropological-epistemological support of the rationality of the 17th and 18th centuries, under the guiding thread of Immanuel Kant's metaphysical approach in the Critique of Pure Reason. Driving element that culminates as the epistemological approach with the greatest influence in modernity, impregnating the 19th century and subsequent philosophical activity with epistemological categories centered on the human subject, which ranges from a founding and growing dynamic of the same, to a gradual decrease of the object, as a correlative element in the cognitive process. This dynamic is observed doxographically and with critical intent, contextualizing historically, hermeneutically and systematically the Kantian approach, which starts from the metaphysical imprint and it is transformed - in coherence with the author - into an epistemological review, founding the anthropological support of modern subjectivity.