Singularity and its consequences on the notion of causality Is there any phenomenon that science cannot explain?

Abstract

This article examines the limits of the principle of causality when confronted with extreme phenomena in contemporary physics, particularly cosmological and gravitational singularities. Through an interdisciplinary reflection between philosophy of science and theoretical physics, the author analyzes how the classical concept of causality, understood as a necessary temporal relation between cause and effect, becomes insufficient to explain events such as the Big Bang or the gravitational collapse of black holes. The study reviews the role of causality in the natural sciences and shows how general relativity and quantum theory have modified, restricted, or problematized its scope. In the case of singularities, where matter-energy density and space-time curvature tend toward infinity, physical theories conceptually collapse, revealing insurmountable epistemological limits. The article argues that in such scenarios not only the notion of causality is challenged, but also the very possibility of formulating meaningful scientific questions, since concepts such as “before,” “after,” or “origin” lose their meaning when time itself emerges with the universe. The article concludes that, while science is a powerful explanatory tool, it encounters structural limits that legitimize philosophical reflection on knowledge, causality, and ultimate questions concerning the origin and meaning of the universe.